Golden points from Kala-azar control program (Health loksewa)

 


Kala-azar control programme

Ø Kala-azar is the elimination program of Nepal.

Ø Kala-azar control program is also regarded as priority one (P1) public health program.

Ø Kala-azar rapid diagnostic kit (rK39) available up to PHCC level of program districts.

Ø Elimination of Kala-azar means:- Annual incidence of Kala-azar to less than 1 case per 10,000 population at district level.

Ø Liposomal amphotericin-B is first line drug for Kala-azar and available only up to district hospital because L-AMB needs cold chain for storage.

Ø Kala-azar is a vector borne disease caused by parasite Leishmania donovani, which is transmitted by sandfly (Phlebotomus argentipes).

Ø It is also known as black fever and visceral leishmaniasis.

 

Important dates:

1980AD

Kala-azar first emerged in Nepal

2005AD

EDCD of DoHS formulated national plan for the elimination of Kala-azar

2005-2008

Preparatory phase

2008-2015

Attack phase

2015 to onwards

Consolidation phase

 


Comparative data:

 

2074/75

2075/76

2076/77

Bagmati

Gandaki

Karnali

Trend of Kala-azar cases

239

216

187

16

3

48

 

According to annual report 2076/77:

Ø Kala-azar endemic districts :- 23

Ø Kala-azar endemic doubtful districts :- 46

Ø Kala-azar non-endemic districts :- 8

Ø Total (23) endemic districts :- 110 cases

Ø Total endemic doubtful districts :- 76 cases

Ø Foreign case :- 1 case

Ø Highest number of cases was reported from Kalikot i.e. 23.

Ø 3 cases of post Kala-azar Leishmaniasis (PKDL) has been reported from Sarlahi, Palpa and Morang.

Ø 22 cases of Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been reported.

 

Major activities in 2076/77:

Ø Case detection and treatment

Ø RDT scaling up

Ø Use of liposomal amphotericin-B as first line treatment regimen

Ø Indoor residual spraying of priority affected area

Ø Orientation and training

Ø National Kala-azar technical working group meeting

Ø Disease surveillance

 

Strategies:

Ø Early diagnosis and complete treatment

Ø Integrated vector management

Ø Effective disease and vector surveillance

Ø Social mobilization and partnerships

Ø Improve programme management

Ø Clinical and implementation research



Thanks for reading the Blog.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Golden points from Urinary system (anatomy)

Image
  Urinary system Major organs :- 1)   Kidneys - 2 2)   Ureters - 2 3)   Urinary bladder - 1 4)   Urethra - 1   Kidneys : Ø The structural and functional unit of kidney is nephron. Ø Kidney is bean shaped organ and brown in colour. Ø The dimension of kidney is length - 11cm, breadth - 6cm and width - 3cm. Ø It is extended from thoracic 12­­­ th vertebra to 3 rd lumber vertebra. Ø Right kidney is slightly lower in level than left kidney due to presence of liver in right side. Ø Kidney filters the whole blood in 4 minutes. Ø Outer part of kidney is called cortex and inner part is medulla. Ø Hormones secreted by kidney are Vitamin D 3 , Renin Erythropoietin Ø 25% blood of cardiac output goes in kidney.   Nephrons : ·       Each kidney consists of 1-3 million nephrons. ·       One nephron is 6cm. ·       Parts of nephrons (4) : 1...
Read more

Golden points from Digestive system (anatomy)

Image
  Digestive system Major organs :- 1)   Mouth 2)   Pharynx 3)   Oesophagus 4)   Stomach 5)   Intestine (small and large) 6)   Rectum 7)   Anal canal   Accessory organs: 1)   3 pairs of salivary glands 2)   Pancreas 3)   Liver and biliary tracts   Length of different digestive organs : Ø Pharynx - 12-14cm Ø Oesophagus - 25cm Ø Stomach - 25cm Ø Small intestine - 5.25m ·       Duodenum - 25cm ·       Jejunum - 2m ·       Ileum - 3m Ø Large intestine - 1.5m Ø Rectum - 13cm Ø Anal canal - 3.8cm   Taste area of tongue : Ø Tip of tongue - Sweet and salt Ø Back of tongue - Bitter Ø Side of tongue - Sour   §   Dental formula of primary teeth - 2102 §   Dental formula of permanent teeth - 2123 §   Total number of primary teeth - 20 §   Total number of...
Read more

National Immunization program (Health loksewa)

Image
  National Immunization Programme (NIP) Ø The National immunization program (NIP) was previously known as Expanded program on immunization (EPI). Ø It is one of the most cost effective, successful and most priority 1 (P1) program of government of Nepal. Ø NIP addresses 12 antigens including Rota virus vaccine. Ø MDVP - Multi dose vial policy Ø AEFI - Adverse events following immunization Ø AES - Acute encephalitis syndrome Ø GAVI - Global alliance for vaccine and immunization Ø Time for immunization :- 7 times (At birth, 6, 10, 14 weeks, 9, 12, 15 months). Ø Nepal is the first country in the south east Asia region to have immunization act. Ø Baishakh month is celebrated as immunization month. Ø Red strategy is related to immunization. Ø Bhageshwor of Achham district is the first VDC declared as fully immunized district. Ø Palpa is the first district declared as first fully immunized district.   Important dates: 1796AD ...
Read more