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Vaccines v There are altogether 12 types of Antigens provided by NIP. v They are listed below:-   1. BCG (Bacillus Calamette Guerin) Ø No. of doses :- 1 time Ø Recommended age (schedule) :- At birth or on first contact with health institution Ø Dose :- 0.05ml (0.1ml) Ø Site :- Right upper arm Ø Route :- ID (Intra-dermal) Ø Prevent from :- Tuberculosis    2. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) Ø No. of doses :- 3 times Ø Recommended age (schedule) :- 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age Ø Dose :- 2-3 drops Ø Site :- Mouth (oral cavity) Ø Route :- Orally Ø Prevent from :- Poliomyelitis    3. Pentavalent (DPT-Hepatitis B & Hib :- Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetaus, Hepatitis-B, Hemophilus influenza type-B) Ø No. of doses :- 3 times Ø Recommended age (schedule) :- 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age Ø Dose :- 0.5ml Ø Site :- Left Lateral mid-thigh (outer part) Ø Route :- IM (Intra-muscular) Ø Prevent from :- Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis-B, Meningitis, Pneumonia  ...

  Kala-azar control programme Ø Kala-azar is the elimination program of Nepal. Ø Kala-azar control program is also regarded as priority one (P1) public health program. Ø Kala-azar rapid diagnostic kit (rK39) available up to PHCC level of program districts. Ø Elimination of Kala-azar means:- Annual incidence of Kala-azar to less than 1 case per 10,000 population at district level. Ø Liposomal amphotericin-B is first line drug for Kala-azar and available only up to district hospital because L-AMB needs cold chain for storage. Ø Kala-azar is a vector borne disease caused by parasite Leishmania donovani, which is transmitted by sandfly (Phlebotomus argentipes). Ø It is also known as black fever and visceral leishmaniasis.   Important dates: 1980AD Kala-azar first emerged in Nepal 2005AD EDCD of DoHS formulated national plan for the elimination of Kala-azar 2005-2008 Preparatory phase ...